Ukraine's energy intensity in 2019 made 0.232 kg of oil equivalent per dollar of manufactured products: this is three times higher than in Poland and twice the world average. Such indicators make Ukraine’s economy one of the least energy-efficient in the world. 70% of all the Ukrainian enterprises pollute the atmosphere and wastewater with harmful emissions. The reasons for such a neglected state of enterprises and their negative impact on the environment are outdated equipment that remained from Soviet times, as well as the lack of incentives for modernization.
Most of these enterprises are communal or state-owned and are poorly managed as well as lack working capital that can be used for modernization.
To solve the problem, it is necessary to find additional financing sources, such as subsidies from the state budget, foreign investments, loans, funds that are included in the tariff for the final consumer, etc.